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Leave a review. This is embarrassing Try this instead. New York City has more than 2, arts and cultural organizations and more than art galleries. The advent of electric lighting led to elaborate theater productions, and in the s, New York City theaters on Broadway and along 42nd Street began featuring a new stage form that became known as the Broadway musical.

Strongly influenced by the city's immigrants, productions such as those of Harrigan and Hart , George M. Cohan , and others used song in narratives that often reflected themes of hope and ambition. New York City itself is the subject or background of many plays and musicals.

Broadway theatre is one of the premier forms of English-language theatre in the world, named after Broadway , the major thoroughfare that crosses Times Square , [] also sometimes referred to as " The Great White Way ". Attendance in — stood at New York City is home to hundreds of cultural institutions and historic sites.

Ten museums occupy the length of this section of Fifth Avenue. In addition to other programming, the museums collaborate for the annual Museum Mile Festival, held each year in June, to promote the museums and increase visitation. New York City's food culture includes an array of international cuisines influenced by the city's immigrant history. Central and Eastern European immigrants, especially Jewish immigrants from those regions, brought bagels , cheesecake , hot dogs , knishes , and delicatessens or delis to the city.

Italian immigrants brought New York-style pizza and Italian cuisine into the city, while Jewish immigrants and Irish immigrants brought pastrami [] and corned beef , [] respectively.

Chinese and other Asian restaurants, sandwich joints, trattorias , diners , and coffeehouses are ubiquitous throughout the city. Some 4, mobile food vendors licensed by the city, many immigrant-owned, have made Middle Eastern foods such as falafel and kebabs [] examples of modern New York street food.

The city is home to "nearly one thousand of the finest and most diverse haute cuisine restaurants in the world", according to Michelin. New York City is well known for its street parades , which celebrate a broad array of themes, including holidays, nationalities, human rights, and major league sports team championship victories.

The majority of parades are held in Manhattan. The primary orientation of the annual street parades is typically from north to south, marching along major avenues. The annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade is the world's largest parade, [] beginning alongside Central Park and processing southward to the flagship Macy's Herald Square store; [] the parade is viewed on telecasts worldwide and draws millions of spectators in person.

Ticker-tape parades celebrating championships won by sports teams as well as other heroic accomplishments march northward along the Canyon of Heroes on Broadway from Bowling Green to City Hall Park in Lower Manhattan.

The New York area is home to a distinctive regional speech pattern called the New York dialect , alternatively known as Brooklynese or New Yorkese. It has generally been considered one of the most recognizable accents within American English. This is often misperceived by speakers of other accents as a reversal of the er and oy sounds, so that girl is pronounced "goil" and oil is pronounced "erl"; this leads to the caricature of New Yorkers saying things like "Joizey" Jersey , "Toidy-Toid Street" 33rd St.

The classic version of the New York City dialect is generally centered on middle and working-class New Yorkers. The influx of non-European immigrants in recent decades has led to changes in this distinctive dialect, [] and the traditional form of this speech pattern is no longer as prevalent among general New Yorkers as it has been in the past.

Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in The city has played host to more than forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues. New York has been described as the "Capital of Baseball". Additionally, there have been 14 World Series in which two New York City teams played each other, known as a Subway Series and occurring most recently in No other metropolitan area has had this happen more than once Chicago in , St.

Louis in , and the San Francisco Bay Area in These teams compete in six games of interleague play every regular season that has also come to be called the Subway Series.

The Yankees have won a record 27 championships, [] while the Mets have won the World Series twice. Both teams moved to California in The metropolitan area is home to three National Hockey League teams.

The New Jersey Devils play at Prudential Center in nearby Newark, New Jersey and traditionally represent the counties of neighboring New Jersey which are coextensive with the boundaries of the New York metropolitan area and media market.

The first national college-level basketball championship, the National Invitation Tournament , was held in New York in and remains in the city. A new version of the New York Cosmos was formed in , and most recently played in the third-division National Independent Soccer Association before going on hiatus in January Boxing is also a prominent part of the city's sporting scene, with events like the Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves being held at Madison Square Garden each year.

The city also hosted the U. Open golf tournament and the and PGA Championships, and has been host city for both events several times, most notably for nearby Winged Foot Golf Club. Environmental issues in New York City are affected by the city's size, density, abundant public transportation infrastructure , and location at the mouth of the Hudson River. For example, it is both one of the country's biggest sources of pollution, and has the lowest per-capita greenhouse gas emissions rate and electricity usage.

New York City has focused on reducing its environmental impact and carbon footprint. New York's high rate of public transit use , more than , daily cyclists as of [update] , [] and many pedestrian commuters make it the most energy-efficient major city in the United States.

The city government was a petitioner in the landmark Massachusetts v. The city is a leader in the construction of energy-efficient green office buildings , including the Hearst Tower among others. The New York City drinking water supply is extracted from the protected Catskill Mountains watershed.

Newtown Creek , a 3. New York City has been a metropolitan municipality with a Strong mayor—council form of government [] since its consolidation in In New York City, the city government is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, and welfare services. The mayor and council members are elected to four-year terms.

The City Council is a unicameral body consisting of 51 council members whose districts are defined by geographic population boundaries. Each borough is coextensive with a judicial district of the state Unified Court System , of which the Criminal Court and the Civil Court are the local courts, while the New York Supreme Court conducts major trials and appeals.

There are also several extrajudicial administrative courts , which are executive agencies and not part of the state Unified Court System. Uniquely among major American cities, New York is divided between, and is host to the main branches of, two different U. The U. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and U. The present mayor is Eric Adams. The Democratic Party holds the majority of public offices.

Party platforms center on affordable housing, education, and economic development, and labor politics are of importance in the city. Thirteen out of 27 U. New York is one of the most important sources of political fundraising in the United States. At least four of the top five ZIP Codes in the nation for political contributions were in Manhattan for the , , and elections. Bush and John Kerry. Mass transit in New York City, most of which runs 24 hours a day, accounts for one in every three users of mass transit in the United States, and two-thirds of the nation's rail riders live in the New York City metropolitan area.

The iconic New York City Subway system is the largest rapid transit system in the world when measured by stations in operation, with , and by length of routes. Nearly all of New York's subway system is open 24 hours a day, in contrast to the overnight shutdown common to systems in most cities, including Hong Kong , [] [] London , Paris , Seoul , [] [] and Tokyo. Public transport is essential in New York City. New York City's commuter rail network is the largest in North America.

The combined systems converge at Grand Central Terminal and Pennsylvania Station and contain more than stations and 20 rail lines. The Staten Island Railway rapid transit system solely serves Staten Island, operating 24 hours a day. New York's airspace is the busiest in the United States and one of the world's busiest air transportation corridors. The three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area include John F.

The primary general aviation airport serving the area is Teterboro Airport. The Staten Island Ferry is the world's busiest ferry route , carrying more than 23 million passengers from July through June on the 5. Other features of the city's transportation infrastructure encompass 13, yellow taxicabs ; [] other vehicle for hire companies; [] [] and the Roosevelt Island Tramway , an aerial tramway that transports commuters between Roosevelt Island and Manhattan Island.

Despite New York's heavy reliance on its vast public transit system, streets are a defining feature of the city. The Commissioners' Plan of greatly influenced the city's physical development. Several of the city's streets and avenues, including Broadway , [] Wall Street , [] Madison Avenue , [] and Seventh Avenue are also used as metonyms for national industries there: the theater, finance, advertising, and fashion organizations, respectively.

New York City also has an extensive web of freeways and parkways , which link the city's boroughs to each other and to North Jersey , Westchester County , Long Island , and southwestern Connecticut through various bridges and tunnels. Because these highways serve millions of outer borough and suburban residents who commute into Manhattan, it is quite common for motorists to be stranded for hours in traffic congestion that are a daily occurrence, particularly during rush hour.

New York City is also known for its rules regarding turning at red lights. Unlike the rest of the United States, New York State prohibits right or left turns on red in cities with a population greater than one million, to reduce traffic collisions and increase pedestrian safety.

In New York City, therefore, all turns at red lights are illegal unless a sign permitting such maneuvers is present. New York City is located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, [] and the boroughs of Manhattan and Staten Island are primarily coterminous with islands of the same names, while Queens and Brooklyn are located at the west end of the larger Long Island, and the Bronx is located on New York State's mainland.

This situation of boroughs separated by water led to the development of an extensive infrastructure of bridges and tunnels. The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge is the longest suspension bridge in the Americas and one of the world's longest. The towers of the Brooklyn Bridge are built of limestone , granite , and Rosendale cement, and their architectural style is neo-Gothic, with characteristic pointed arches above the passageways through the stone towers.

This bridge was also the longest suspension bridge in the world from its opening until , and is the first steel-wire suspension bridge. The Queensboro Bridge is an important piece of cantilever architecture. The Manhattan Bridge , opened in , is considered to be the forerunner of modern suspension bridges , and its design served as the model for many of the long-span suspension bridges around the world; the Manhattan Bridge, Throgs Neck Bridge , Triborough Bridge , and Verrazano-Narrows Bridge are all examples of structural expressionism.

The Lincoln Tunnel , which carries , vehicles a day under the Hudson River between New Jersey and Midtown Manhattan, is the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world.

The Holland Tunnel , connecting Lower Manhattan to Jersey City, New Jersey , was the world's first mechanically ventilated vehicular tunnel when it opened in Roosevelt was the first person to drive through it. Cycling in New York City is associated with mixed cycling conditions that include urban density, relatively flat terrain, congested roadways with "stop-and-go" traffic, and many pedestrians. The city's large cycling population includes utility cyclists , such as delivery and messenger services; cycling clubs for recreational cyclists; and increasingly commuters.

Through this program, New York City has expanded its international outreach to a network of cities worldwide, promoting the exchange of ideas and innovation between their citizenry and policymakers.

New York's historic sister cities are denoted below by the year they joined New York City's partnership network. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Most populous city in the United States. City in the United States.

Downstate New York.

 

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Least used. Method 1 Select the two tasks you want to link. In the following screenshot taken as an example, we have selected names, Task 1 and Task 2. Task 1 and Task 2 are linked with a Finish-to-Start relationship.

A drop down box appears with all Tasks defined in the project. Choose the predecessor task. Click OK. Here I have chosen Task 3. All tasks get linked. To select non-adjacent tasks, hold down Ctrl key and select each task separately. Respect Links If you are in Manually Scheduled mode, any change in duration of the predecessor task will not reflect on Start date of Task 4.

Scheduling is controlled in two ways. Manual Scheduling: This is done to quickly capture some details without actually scheduling the tasks. It calculates values such as task durations, start dates, and finish dates automatically. It takes into accounts all constraints, links and calendars. For example, at Lucerne Publishing, the new book launch plan has been reviewed by the resources who will carry out the work and by other project stakeholders.

Although you expect the plan to change somewhat as you learn more about the book launch, you now have enough confidence in the overall plan to switch from manual to automatic task scheduling. Converting Task to Automatic Schedule We have three different methods to convert a task to automatic schedule. Method 1 If you want to change the mode for a particular task, say Task 5 in the following example.

Click on Task Mode cell in the same row. Then, click the down arrow to open a dropdown box, you can select Auto Scheduled. Method 3 To switch completely to Auto Schedule mode: Toggle the scheduling mode of the plan by clicking the New Tasks status bar at the bottom-left and then selecting Auto scheduling mode.

Go to File tab and click Options. They can be people, equipment, facilities, funding, or anything except labor required for the completion of a project task. Optimum Resource Scheduling is the key to successful project management. Travel expenses, food expenses, etc. For example, paint being used while painting a wall.

Note: Be aware of the crucial difference between People and Equipment resources. People resources will have limited work hours, say 6, 8 or 12 hours. Equipment resources have different working capacities of 2, 8 or 24 hours and could have maintenance breaks as well.

Also note, that it is possible multiple people resources might be using one equipment resource, or one equipment might be accomplishing multiple tasks. Enter Work Resource Names You can enter resource names according to your convenience. Click the cell directly below the Resource Name heading column. Enter Resources as an individual person, job function or group. The resource is available full-time on each workday.

If a resource does not represent an individual person but a job function, where a group of people with the same skill set can work on the task, we can enter larger Max Units to represent the number of people in the group. Click the Max. Units field for the Engineers resource.

Press Enter. Units would mean you expect the resource capacity to be lower than a full-time resource. Click the cell directly below Resource Name heading column. Enter Resource as an individual or job function. You can also enter overtime rates for work resources. Standard rates are calculated on per hour basis.

Costs per use on the other hand are costs that do not vary with task. Cost per use is a set fee used up to complete a task. There are three types of resources: work, material, and cost. Like paint being used while painting a wall. People resources will have limited work hours say 6, 8 or 12 hours. Equipment resources can have different working capacities of 2, 8 or 24 hours and could have maintenance breaks as well. Also note that it is possible multiple people resources might be using one equipment resource, or one equipment might be accomplishing multiple tasks.

Cost resources do not use pay rates. Remember cost per use and cost resources are two different things. Cost resources are financial cost associated with a task, like travel expenses, food expenses, etc. The cost value of cost resource is only assigned when you assign cost resource to a task. MS Project will not automatically apply overtime calculations.

Click the cell directly below Resource Name heading column to create Resources. Click the Std. Rate field for each resource to costs in hourly default , daily, weekly, monthly and yearly rates.

In the following example, the resource Rasmus is left at zero. Click the Ovt. Rate field to enter overtime rates. Double-click the Resource, a Resource Information dialog box opens. Click on Notes tab. Hovering over it will make the note appear. Set Up Cost Resources You can use a cost resource to represent a financial cost associated with a task in a plan. Examples of cost resources are travel, food, entertainment and training. So it is obvious that cost resources do no work on a task and do not affect scheduling of a task.

Cost value of the cost resource is entered when assigning it to a task. Click the empty cell in the Resource Name column. Type Training and press the Tab Key. In the Type field, click the down arrow to select Cost.

MS Project — Assign Resources to Task MS Project Once the task and resource list are complete, resources need to be assigned to tasks in order to work on them. With MS Project you can track task progress, resource and tasks costs. Click the box below the Resource Name column for the task you need the resource to be assigned.

From the dropdown, choose the resource name. In the following screenshot as an example. You can also select multiple resources to work on a single task. Now click the Assign button. Double-click the Task Name. Click the Resources tab. Click the cell below the Resource Name column. Select the resource from the dropdown list. The window is split in two, Gantt Chart view and Task Form view below it.

In the Task Form view, click under the Resource Name column and select the resource. We can also assign other material resources to the same task. In the Gantt Chart view, you can also look at the project summary task, to note the duration, start and finish dates of the plan.

In the following example, Assign Resources is the project summary task identified as Task 0. MS Project — Track Progress MS Project Once your project plan is ready in MS Project, it becomes essential for a project manager to measure the actuals in terms of work completed, resources used and costs incurred and to revise and change information about tasks and resources due to any changes to the plans.

A Project Manager should not assume that everything is progressing according to plan and should always keep track of each task. Resistance to formal tracking of project management data is normal.

You can overcome resistance to tracking by explaining your expectations, explaining the benefits of tracking, and training people to track the task themselves. Save a Baseline To evaluate project performance you need to create a baseline against which you will compare the progress.

One needs to save the baseline, once a plan is fully developed. Of course, due to rolling wave planning or progressive elaboration needed to manage projects one can always add new tasks, resources, constraints and costs to the plan. Also note, it makes sense to save the baseline before entering any actual values such as percentage of task completion. These multiple baselines seem contrary to the definition of baseline. You want to develop separate baseline plans for risk response and recovery.

You will see Baseline Gantt bars displayed together with the current Gantt bars. Update the Baseline for the Entire Project This simply replaces the original baseline values with the currently scheduled values. Update the Baseline for Selected Tasks This does not affect the baseline values for other tasks or resource baseline values in the plan.

Save Multiple Baselines You can save up to 11 baselines in a single plan. The first one is called Baseline, and the rest are Baseline 1 through Baseline It can be used as a project marker. It is visually easy to see how off-track or on-track the project progress is. Because it only specifies dates, it is simple, clear and easy information. But sometimes this approach might be fine when the actual work and cost values generated are close enough to your baseline schedule.

Select the current date. Check marks will appear in the indicators column for tasks that have been completed. On the right in the Chart portion, progress bars are generated in the Gantt bars of each task. This table includes Work Scheduled work , Actual, and Remaining columns. Click on Task you want to update. For this task, initial scheduled Work was 16 hours, because 24 hours is greater.

In the example, a Baseline is saved, because the Baseline does not change and is used as a comparison. Note: Actual work is rolled up and also reflects on the summary task. Change Start or Finish field in Actual group. You can fill Actual duration field as well. One does not have to finish collecting survey responses before starting the tabulation. Click the box under the Type column and choose the relationship according to your requirement. Under Lag heading column, enter the lag in terms of hours, days, weeks, or years.

You can also apply lag or lead as a percentage. As Soon As Possible means the task starts as soon as the project starts, if there are no dependencies that would delay it. So, no fixed start or end dates are imposed by this constraint type, but of course predecessor and successor dependencies are maintained. Default constraint when you schedule from the project finish date. Do not enter a Flexible task start or finish date with this constraint.

As Soon As Task is scheduled to begin as early as possible. Do not enter a start or finish date with this constraint. Start No Earlier Task is scheduled to start on or after a specified date. Must Finish On Task is scheduled to finish on a specified date. Click dropdown box for Constraint type. Choose the constraint you would like to apply. It is a better idea to use a Deadline Date which has no effect on the scheduling of a task or summary task. MS Project will alert you with a red exclamation symbol in the indicators column, if the scheduled completion of the task exceeds its deadline date.

Enter the cost under the Fixed Cost column for the task of interest. Enter a Recurring Task Status meetings, status reports, inspection dates can recur with a particular frequency. In MS Project , you can specify recurring tasks without having to assign tasks each time separately. You can also assign resources to these task. Enter Task Name and choose Recurrence pattern. You can also choose a specific time for the task to start as well. You can add time value in the Start box for Recurring Task Information dialog box to change this.

In the following figure, start time of AM is entered. While schedule changes are made, it is also likely that the critical path will change from time to time. One needs to always focus on the Critical Path first, when one wants to apply fast-tracking or crashing to shorten the project duration. Slack or Float are key to understanding Critical path.

All task bars in the critical path, in the Gantt Chart View on the right, will turn Red in color. Gantt Chart View displays some limited resource information, as shown in the following screenshot.

It summarizes whether there may be a problem by the red over allocated icon in the indicator column. The Resource Usage view displays resources and all tasks assigned to them underneath the Resource Name. The left-hand side of the screen lists the Resources and the Task Names together with columns of total information for the resource or assignment. The right-hand side shows a time-phased view.

Click on Resource Name column heading. Resolve Resource Over Allocation One would need to either change the scope reduce the amount of work , assign more resources, or accept a longer schedule to resolve overallocation. If you add delay that is less than or equal to the amount of slack on the task, you will not affect the finish date of the project. Substitute Resources or Add Additional Resources You can manually allot some other resource to the task.

You can also right-click on the Time-phased grid in the right hand side window to display amount of overallocation by switching on overallocation. Now you can reduce the assigned hours. In the following example, 8-hour assignment is reduced to 4-hour assignments. You will also notice a new icon in the indicator column to let you know that the assignment work has been edited. If actual work has been recorded, you must manually reduce the remaining work on the task.

Remove Overallocated Resource You can just remove a resource assignment from an overallocated resource. Level Overallocated Resources If resources are overallocated you can use resource-leveling feature in MS Project It works by either splitting tasks or by adding delay to tasks to ensure the resource is not overloaded.

Leveling can delay the individual task finish dates and even the project finish date. Project does not change who is assigned to each task, total work, or assignment unit values. Project first delays tasks to use up any available slack. Once the slack becomes zero, MS Project makes changes according to priorities, dependency relationships and task constraints such as a Finish No Later Than constraint.

You can enter value between 1 and , according to the amount of control you like in the leveling process. A priority level of will ensure MS Project does not level a particular task. By default, priority is set at or a medium level of control. Tasks that have lower priority are delayed or split before those that have higher priority. Click on the dropdown box and select Priority. Now you can add priority to each task as required. Leveling Steps in the Leveling process are only a few, but it is important to understand what each option does.

Project does leveling and overallocated indicators are removed If leveling is done completely, sometimes this might not happen. In Resource Leveling dialog box, under Level calculations, try to use Manual more often.

For examples, if a resource is overallocated, for say half an hour more in a week, from 40 hours to Doing so will not level resources, but it will determine when Project displays overallocation indicators next to resource names. In Resource Leveling dialog box, under Level calculations, use the clear leveling values before leveling checkbox is selected. Doing so will ensure Project removes any existing leveling delays from all tasks and assignments before leveling. Here you choose to level either the entire plan or only assignments that fall within a date range you specify.

Numerically higher ID numbers for example, 10 will be delayed before numerically lower ID numbers. You might want to use this option when your plan has no task relationships or constraints. In Resource Leveling dialog box, under Resolving overallocations, you have several options that you can select. MS Project will use only the free slack within the existing schedule, which could mean that resource overallocations might not be fully resolved.

Selecting this checkbox allows Project to add a leveling delay or split work on assignments if Leveling Can Create Splits in Remaining Work is also selected independently of any other resources assigned to the same task. This might cause resources to start and finish work on a task at different times. This allows Project to split work on a task or on an assignment if Leveling Can Adjust Individual Assignments on a Task is also selected as a way of resolving overallocation.

Selecting this allows Project to level a manually scheduled task just as it would an automatically scheduled task. This will appear under the fields labeled Cost or Total Cost. At this stage, the project manager would be focusing on collecting, monitoring, analyzing project performance, and updating project status by communicating with the stakeholders.

When there is a difference between what is planned and the actual project performance, it is called a Variance. Variance is mostly measured in terms of Time and Cost. Task Slippage There are several ways to view task with variance. By comparing the currently scheduled Gantt bars with baseline Gantt bars, you can see what tasks started later than planned or took longer to complete. MS Project will filter the task list to show only the tasks filtered in this process.

So if you select Slipping Task, you will view only incomplete tasks. Any task that is already completed will not show up. You will be able to view all relevant information. Is your question not listed? Microsoft Project manual. Quick Access T oolbar. Customize this area so your favorite commands are. Each ribbon has groups, and each group has a set o f. Work faster in the right view. Choose Gantt Chart, T ask Usage,. T eam Planner , or Resource Sheet. Page: 1. Manual View the manual for the Microsoft Project here, for free.

Need help? Ask a question. Microsoft Project specifications Below you will find the product specifications and the manual specifications of the Microsoft Project Frequently Asked Questions Can't find the answer to your question in the manual?

What operating system does the Microsoft Project use? The Microsoft Project uses Win as the operating system. Is the manual of the Microsoft Project available in English? Yes, the manual of the Microsoft Project is available in English.

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